Last week my son John called home from college. After
a bit of small talk he got right down to business. "Dad, will my
allowance stay the same next year or will it go up?"
I admitted that with modest inflation, he could expect a modest increase.
"Oh," he replied, "What is the average annual increase
I should expect to receive over, say, the next five to seven years?"
"Actually, John, I was hoping that you would get a job some day
and your allowance would stop altogether."
Ignoring my fatherly suggestion, John explained that he wanted to factor
in the expected average increase in the hope that he might capitalize
the expected income flow by going public. Goldman, Sachs was anxious
to do the deal.
I am making all this up, of course. But only to make the point that
college allowances are about the only stream of money that isn't going
public these days. Portfolio managers, drinking from the firehose of
mutual fund inflows, have been buying everything in sight, pushing valuations
to levels that even Wall Street analysts are straining to rationalize.
Behind all this foolishness is a modicum of common sense. An aging
population is hunting desperately to get its hands on stream of future
income to finance its retirement years. That's why Coca-Cola today has
a market capitalization of $142.3 billion. Where else can you find a
business with dependable income that is almost certain to continue growing
well into the future? But reliable streams of future income are getting
harder and harder to find. The result has been impressive increases
in stock and bond valuations and more and more creative efforts on Wall
Street to package anything that generates future income.
Their latest creation is securitized intellectual capital. An example
is the $55 million ten-year Bowie bond, with its 7.9% coupon to be serviced
by the revenues from rock star David Bowie's music portfolio. There
was also a $58 million Calvin Klein loan securitized by perfume royalties,
giving a new twist to the term vaporware. On Wall Street today assets
are out, famous is in.
The economic outlook suggests these trends will continue. Which is
why I'm making private equity investments instead of peddling economic
forecasts as I used to do. As income streams become scarcer, they get
more expensive; i.e., security prices rise.
For investors this means that long-term interest rates will be lower
than today's levels and that stocks will sell at multiples of earnings
and book values even higher than today's levels. Companies that can
promise growth will sell at even higher premiums than they do today.
This means the current correction in the market is just that and not
the beginning of a new bear market.
As stock values continue to diverge from tangible book values, all
investors will be forced to realize what intrinsic value investors have
known all along, that stock prices have nothing to do with book values.
The value of a company is determined by the present value of all the
cash flow that investors expect to get paid during the life of the firm.
That value, less the value of the company's debt, is what the company's
equity is worth, regardless of the balance sheet.
In this intrinsic value market, the key risk that investors face is
not volatility, it is buying an expected cash flow stream that fails
to materialize because of competitive pressures or poor management.
To properly evaluate those risks, investors will have to have a keen
understanding of the companies they buy and the people who run them.
This will require a sharp change of direction among security analysts,
who have made a lot of money from macroeconomic trends since 1981. They
will have to become experts in understanding businesses again and in
evaluating human talents and motivations.
In this market, managers with a proven record of having the skill and
the will to deliver sustainable, growing cash flows to investors will
be highly prized. To know how a man is going to behave ten years in
the future, there is no substitute for knowing him for ten years in
the past.
So maybe my son John should take his allowance public after all. What
more dependable source of cash flow than a solvent and indulgent parent?
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